BÀI: 11 CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN VÀ CÁCH DÙNG

If I have enough money,

conditional clause    I will go to Japan.

    main clause

I will go to Japan,

main clause    if I have enough money

    conditional clause

First, Second, and Third Conditional

1. First conditional:  If I have enough money, I will go to Japan.

2. Second conditional: If I had enough money, I would go to Japan.

3. Third conditional: If I had had enough money, I would have gone to Japan.

 

Conditional clause Main clause

1. If + Present Tense will + inf / present tense / imperative

a.If you help me with the dishes (if + pres), 

I will help you with your homework. (will + inf)

b.If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill. (imperative).

2. If + Past Tense would + inf

3. If + Past Perfect Tense would have + past participle

Uses of the Conditional

1.First conditional

a.Nature: Để nói về khả năng có thể xảy ra 

b.Time: khi đề cập tới hiện tại hoặc tương lai. 

e.g. If he is late, we will have to go without him.

If my mother knows about this, we are in serious trouble.

2.Second conditional

a.Nature: Diễn tả 1 tình huống  KHÔNG CÓ THẬT, HOẶC KHÔNG THỂ XẢY RA. 

b.Time: Dùng thì Quá Khứ đơn nhưng chúng ta đang nói ở hiện tại . 

e.g. If I knew her name, I would tell you.

( tức tôi không biết tên cô ta, nên không thể nói với bạn. )

If I were you, I would tell my father.

( tức tôi không thể là bạn được... ) 

SO SÁNH: 

i.If I become president, I will change the social security system. (Said by a presidential candidate)

( Nếu tôi trở thành Tổng Thống, tôi sẽ thay đổi hệ thống an sinh xã hôi. – tức điều này có thể xảy ra trong tương lai. )

ii.If I became president, I would change the social security system. (Said by a schoolboy)  

( tức tôi không thể trở thành tổng thống được )

iii.If we win this match, we are qualified for the semifinals.

( nếu chúng ta thắng trận này, chúng ta đủ điều kiện vô vòng bán kết. – nói về khả năng chúng ta có thể thắng trong tương lai. )

iv.If I won a million pounds  (£), I would stop teaching. ( Nếu tôi thắng giải 1 triệu £, tôi nghỉ dạy học. – tức hiện từ quá khứ tới hiện tại và trong cả tương lai , khả năng tôi thăng giải là bằng 0 ). 

3.Third conditional

a.Nature: unreal không thực

b.Time: quá khứ (Chúng ta nói về tình huống mà nó không phải như vậy trong quá khứ)

e.g. If you had warned me, I would not have told your father about that party. 

( Nếu bạn cảnh báo tôi, thì tôi đã không nói với ba bạn rồi – tức là bạn đã không cảnh báo nên tôi đã nói cho ba bạn biết )

Remember!

1.  Trong câu Đk thường không  dùng will , would trong Mệnh Đề If. 

Ngoại trừ : Nếu will hoặc would diễn tả sự sẵng sàng, trong câu yêu cầu, chúng có thể được sử dụng trong mệnh đề If. 

e.g. If you will come this way, the manager will see you now.

I would be grateful if you would give me a little help.

(= ± please, come this way; please, give me...)

2. Trong câu ĐK Loại II, were thay thế  was:

If I were a rich man...

3. Thay vì dùng If not, chúng ta có thể dùng unless. 

e.g. I'll be back tomorrow unless there is a plane strike.

He'll accept the job unless the salary is too low.

4.  Trong các mệnh đề với các từ chỉ thời gian như : when, after, until chúng ta dùng thì hiện tại đơn.

E.g :  I’ll come home when I finish work.

You must wait here until your father comes.

They are coming after they have had dinner.

EXERCISES 

Conditional Sentences Type I

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type I.

1.If you (go) ___   out with your friends tonight, I (watch) ___    the football match on TV.

2.I (earn)  ___  a lot of money if I (get) ___    that job.

3.If she (hurry / not) ___   , we (miss)  ___  the bus.

Conditional Sentences Type II

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type II.

1.If he (try) ___   harder, he (reach) ___   his goals.

2.I (buy) ___    these shoes if they (fit) ___   .

3.It (surprise / not) ___   me if he (know / not) ___   the answer.

Conditional Sentences Type III

Complete the Conditional Sentences Type III.

1.If we (listen)   ___ to the radio, we (hear) ___   the news.

2.If you (switch)  ___  on the lights, you (fall / not) ___   over the chair.

3.She (come) ___   to our party if she (be / not) ___   on holiday.

Conditional Sentences Type I, II or III

Complete the Conditional Sentences with the correct form (Type I, II or III).

1.If I  ___ stronger, I'd help you carry the piano. ( be )

2.If we'd seen you, we   ___. (stop )

3.If we    ___ him tomorrow, we'll say hello. ( meet )

4.He would have repaired the car himself if he ___    the tools. ( have )

5.If you drop the vase, it  ___  . ( break)

6.If I hadn't studied, I   ___  the exam. (  not pass)

7.I wouldn't go to school by bus if I  ___   a driving licence. ( have)

8.If she   ___  him every day, she'd be lovesick. ( not see )

9.I   ___  to London if I don't get a cheap flight. ( not travel)

10.We'd be stupid if we  ___   him about our secret. ( tell)

ANSWERS 

I.Conditional sentences type I :

1.If you go out with your friends tonight, I will watch  the football match on TV.

2.I will earn a lot of money if I get  that job.

3.If she does not hurry, we will miss  the bus.

II.Conditional sentences type II:

1.If he tried harder, he would reach  his goals.

2.I would buy these shoes if they fitted  .

3.It would not surprise me if he did not know  the answer.

III.Conditional sentences type III: 

1.If we had listened to the radio, we would have heard  the news.

2.If you had switched on the lights, you would not have fallen  over the chair.

3.She would have come to our party if she had not been  on holiday.

IV.Conditional Sentences Type I, II or III :

1.If I were  stronger, I'd help you carry the piano.

2.If we'd seen you, we would have stopped  .

3.If we meet  him tomorrow, we'll say hello.

4.He would have repaired the car himself if he had had  the tools.

5.If you drop the vase, it will break  .

6.If I hadn't studied, I would not have passed  the exam.

7.I wouldn't go to school by bus if I had  a driving licence.

8.If she didn't see  him every day, she'd be lovesick.

9.I won't travel  to London if I don't get a cheap flight.

10.We'd be stupid if we told  him about our secret.