Bài 16: CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG – BỊ ĐỘNG (Active Voice and Passive Voice)

Transitive verbs have both active and passive forms:

Ngoại Động từ có cả dạng chủ động và bị động:

active		passive
The hunter killed the lion.	>>	The lion was killed by the hunter.
Someone has cleaned the windows	>>	The windows have been cleaned

Các hình thức thụ động được tạo thành từ be + một phân từ quá khứ:

	be	past participle
English	is	spoken	all over the world
The windows	have been	cleaned
Lunch	was being	served
The work	will be	finished	soon
They	might have been	invited	to the party

Thỉnh thoảng chúng ta sử dụng “get” để tạo nên câu bị động :

Be careful with the glass. It might get broken.
Peter got hurt in a crash.

Nếu muốn cho thấy một ai đó hoặc một vật làm nên hành động, chúng ta dùng by:

She was attacked by a dangerous dog.
The money was stolen by her husband.

Chúng ta có thể sử dụng tân ngữ gián tiếp như chủ ngữ của động từ bị động:

active		passive
I gave him a book for his birthday	>>	He was given a book for his birthday.
Someone sent her a cheque for a thousand euros	>>	She was sent a cheque for a thousand euros.

Chúng ta có thể sử dụng CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ trong thụ động:

active		passive
They called off the meeting.	>>	The meeting was called off.
His grandmother looked after him.	>>	He was looked after by his grandmother.
They will send him away to school.	>>	He will be sent away to school.

Some verbs very frequently used in the passive are followed by the to-infinitive:
Một số động từ thường được sử dụng trong bị động được theo sau bởi “TO V0”

be supposed to	be expected to	be asked to
be scheduled to	be allowed to	be told to

John has been asked to make a speech at the meeting.
You are supposed to wear a uniform.
The meeting is scheduled to start at seven.

[Quiz 11.1]

Rewrite the following sentence in passive voice.

John gave me a bunch of flowers on my birthday.

[Quiz 11.2]

Choose the sentences written incorrectly in the passive voice.

1. I was eaten an ice cream.
2. The song was sung by a singer.
3. I was deceived by the TV program.
4. The concert was finished at 12 p.m.
5. He was written a novel.
6. The tennis match was aired on TV.
7. He was treated kindly.
8. I have been managed a company since 2004.
   

View Answers
[11.1]
I was given a bunch of flowers on my birthday by John.
OR
A bunch of flowers was given to me on my birthday by John.

[11.2]
1) I ate an ice cream.
5) He wrote a novel.
8) I have managed a company since 2004.